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What is Combustion?

1. Introduction

Combustion is a chemical reaction between fuel and oxygen that releases heat, light, and exhaust gases.

It is one of the most fundamental energy-conversion processes used across industry.

Modern combustion engineering focuses on optimizing this process for energy efficiency, process control, and emission management.

2. Basic Chemistry

A simple hydrocarbon combustion reaction is:

CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O + heat

This represents complete combustion.

If oxygen is insufficient, incomplete combustion occurs, producing harmful gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons.

3. Role of the Burner

A burner’s purpose is to control and stabilize the combustion process.

It ensures proper fuel-air mixing and flame stability while minimizing losses.

An efficient burner must:

  • Maintain the correct air-to-fuel ratio

  • Provide a stable flame

  • Minimize heat loss while maximizing energy output

4. Factors Affecting Efficiency

  • Excess-air coefficient (λ): Too much air lowers efficiency; too little air causes incomplete combustion.

  • Mixture homogeneity: Premix systems ensure a more uniform flame.

  • Pressure & temperature: These parameters shape flame velocity and heat release.

5. Emissions & Environment

Incomplete combustion releases pollutants such as CO, NOₓ, and SO₂.

Modern low-NOₓ burners use precise modulation, oxygen sensors, and smart control units to minimize emissions while keeping performance stable.

6. Conclusion

Combustion lies at the heart of thermal engineering.

With the right analysis, proper burner selection, and continuous optimization, industries can reduce costs and environmental impact simultaneously.

InnoBurn is committed to advancing cleaner, safer, and more efficient combustion technologies.